Is Animal Pain Conscious?

Eating Behaviour: Is It Always a Conscious Choice?

in the past 40 years there has been drastic increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide (1). This rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity is not a matter of physiologic or metabolic alteration within people. Thousands of scientific papers are published each year indicating that pharmaceutical companies are working to find possible money making antiobesity agents. Increasing in the preva...

20 Deciphering Animal Pain

Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning

Our experience with the world is shaped not only directly through personal exposure but also indirectly through observing others and learning from their experiences. Using a conditioning paradigm, we investigated how directly and observationally learned information can affect pain perception, both consciously and non-consciously. Differences between direct and observed cues were manifest in hig...

Animal Rights Consideration is a Necessity in Conducting an Experiment

Defining and Assessing Animal Pain

The detection and assessment of pain in animals is crucial to improving their welfare in a variety of contexts in which humans are ethically or legally bound to do so. Thus clear standards to judge whether pain is likely to occur in any animal species is vital to inform whether to alleviate pain or to drive the refinement of procedures to reduce invasiveness, thereby minimizing pain. We define ...